What type of toxic effects generally arise from single exposures?

The correct answer is acute toxicity. This type of toxic effect is typically the result of a single or short-term exposure to a toxic substance. Acute toxicity can lead to immediate, harmful effects that may manifest quickly after exposure to a pesticide or chemical. These effects can include symptoms such as nausea, headaches, or more severe reactions depending on the nature of the substance and the dose received.

In contrast, chronic toxicity is associated with long-term exposure to a substance, resulting in gradual adverse effects that can develop over time. Inhalation and dermal toxicity refer to specific routes through which a toxic substance can enter the body—either through breathing or skin contact—rather than the classification of toxicity based on exposure duration. Therefore, while these terms are relevant in the context of pesticide application, they do not directly address the question regarding the effects resulting from single exposures.