Which of the following methods is included in cultural controls?

Cultural controls are practices that manage crop production in a way that minimizes pest occurrence and impact. One effective method included in this category is crop rotation. By alternating the types of crops grown in a specific area over time, the life cycles of certain pests and diseases can be disrupted. This practice helps to prevent the establishment and buildup of pest populations that may thrive on a continuous supply of their preferred hosts.

In contrast, traps, while useful for monitoring or reducing pest populations, fall under more active pest management strategies rather than cultural controls. The application of herbicides is a chemical control method, and physical barriers serve as a physical means to protect crops from pests. Both of these methods are considered more direct interventions rather than cultural practices.