Which of the following pest management methods does NOT include chemical application?

Biological control is a pest management method that relies on utilizing living organisms to control pest populations, rather than using chemical applications. This approach often involves introducing natural predators, parasites, or pathogens that target specific pests, thereby maintaining ecological balance and reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides. Examples include using ladybugs to control aphid populations or introducing bacteria that specifically target harmful insects.

In contrast, chemical control involves the application of pesticides to eliminate or manage pests directly, while mechanical control entails physical methods to remove pests, such as traps or barriers. Cultural control includes modifications to agricultural practices, such as crop rotation or altering planting schedules, to reduce pest habitats and breeding. Each of these methods can be effective in pest management, but biological control distinctly operates without the use of chemicals.